Skinfold caliper test

The tester uses the calipers to pinch(it doesn’t hurt) the skin on 3 to 7 parts of your body. The caliper is a gauge that measures the thickness of the fat.

The parts pinched are usually:

* abdomen
* back of the arm
* thigh
* hip
* back of shoulder

The caliper is not exact. The margin of error is 4 points either way. The tester might not pinch exactly in the right area, or may pinch too hard or too light. Get tested before your workout. After working out, your body pumps up which may make the calipers gauge you to be fatter.

Bioelectrical Impedence

A low voltage is passed through your body to determine bodyfat. The slower the signal the more fat you have. Fat slows down the signal. The signal travels quickly through muscle because muscle is made up of 70% water and water conducts electricity. Fat is only 5 to 13% water so it slows down the signal.

Dehydration can make the readings false because less water is in your system. Stay away from alcohol or caffeine for 24 hours because these substances help to dehydrate the body.

If you are overly fat or really lean this test may not produce good results.

Underwater weighing

This is the most accurate method of testing. You get into a tank of water on a scale. Here is the hard part, you have to blow all of the air out of your lungs and bend forward until you are completely submerged. Make sure to get all of the air out because any extra air makes you appear fatter. You wait about 5 seconds under water while your weight is taken.

Your underwater weight is figured out by a mathematical algorithm that determines your bodyfat. This test is based upon the premise that muscle sinks and fat floats. Muscle is denser than fat therefore it sinks. The margin of error on this test is 2 percent.

We know that using free weights and machines is the fastest and most efficient way there is to improve your metabolism and strength, but for many reasons these may not be convenient or readily accessible to you.

You may also have no access to a commercial gym, home gym or are on business trip, but there can be a solution, a strength-training workout without the need of expensive machines.

As with any exercise, whether you are using your own body weight, machines or free weights, if the resistance doesn’t increase, your muscles won’t be worked to their maximum capacity and the stimulus these fibres need to grow will be missing.

Exercises done correctly will build the lean muscle and increase your metabolism in the same way as performing exercises at a gymnasium, but without the time constraints and associated costs.

These exercises can be easily done in a bedroom, hotel room, a park, school yard, ceiling rafters in a garage or in a doorway and all you have to do is use your imagination.  There will always be a way to add more resistance to your workouts.

Please remember: It doesn’t matter where you are working out — at home, a hotel, or a park — always warm up properly before beginning your session, and cool down and stretch when you are finished.

Leg Exercises

Squats –

They build muscle in the thighs, shape the buttocks and improve endurance.   Position your feet about 13 to 17 inches apart or at shoulder width, keeping the back straight and your head up.  If you want you can use something that will give you some support, i.e. a desk, bookcase, sink etc.

Now squat down to where the tops of the thighs are parallel to the floor, hold for a second and then stand up, but don’t bounce at the bottom of the movement, use a nice fluid motion. Always exhale your breath as you stand up.

Lunges –

Stand straight in correct posture; now stand with one leg forward and one leg back.  Keeping your abdominal muscles tight and chest up, lower your upper body down, bending your leg (don’t step out too far).

You should have about one to two feet between your feet at this stage, the further forward you step, and the more your gluteus and hamstring muscles will have to work.

Do not allow your knee to go forward beyond your toes as you come down and stop where your feel comfortable (try not to let your back come forward) then push directly back up. Do all your reps on one leg then switch legs and do all your reps on the other leg.

Back Exercises

Chin-ups –

Chin-ups are a great upper body workout, particularly targeting your biceps, deltoid and lat muscles. Use a doorway chin-up bar, ceiling rafters in a garage or grab the moulding of your door frame, position your hands with an under hand grip and hang down stretching the lats, slowly raise your body until your chin reaches the bar level.

Pause a moment before slowly lowering yourself back to the starting position. Don’t swing or use momentum to get your body to the top, just use the target muscles. Doorway chinning bars remove from the doorway when you are not using them and can be put up and taken down in seconds.

Bent Over Row –

Take up a position with your right hand and right knee braced on a sturdy bed or some other flat surface that will provide a good support. Now pick up a dumbbell or something heavy that you can hold onto with your left hand.

Visualize your arms as hooks and slowly bring the dumbbell or object up to the side of your chest, keeping your back straight, then lower the weight back down to arms length, no lower, on extremes, safe form only please. Concentrate on your back muscles. Reverse the whole procedure and do the exercise now with your right arm.

Chest Exercises

Push-Up –

The push up is used for building chest, shoulders and arms.  Lie face down on the floor with your hands about shoulder width apart and keeping your palms turned slightly inward.  Now push-up until your arms are straight, lower and repeat for repetitions.

To make it more difficult elevate your feet.  Try placing the toes of your feet on a stable, elevated surface such as a bench, chair or a stair. Straightening your body, position your hands on the floor at shoulder width, lower your body until your chest touches the floor at the bottom, and then return to the starting position in a nice fluid motion.

Dips –

This exercise can be done between two sturdy chairs or other surfaces that provide stability. The dip is another great upper body exercise. It’s a compound movement as well and involves working all the muscles that the push up works.

Keep your head up and body as vertical as possible.  For the beginning of the movement, start at the top (arms fully extended) and lower yourself until your upper arms are parallel to the seat of the chairs, hold and then push up to the top of the movement until your arms are fully extended again. Keep looking straight ahead and don’t bounce at the bottom of the movement.

Adding Weight

Although the simple weight of your own body is enough resistance to provide an effective workout we need progressive overload (added resistance) to become stronger.

So all we need to do is add some weight wherever we can find some.  Because there are no metal plates and fancy machines to use it doesn’t matter because the body doesn’t care where it is as long as it’s receiving resistance of some kind.

You can use heavy books clasped in your hands. You can buy some cheap weighted dumbbells or ankle weights.  A weighted vest will also allow you to add resistance for both chin-ups and push-ups.  Try to buy one that will let you remove and add weight as you see fit. Also a backpack filled with books can be perfect for most of the exercises and is a cheap alternative.

How about a couple of buckets and fill them with a certain level of water? As you get stronger fill them with more water. This is perfect because depending on the exercise, all you need to do is to increase or decrease the amount of water in the buckets for the required amount of resistance.

To wrap things up…

We know that using free weights and machines are the fastest and most efficient way there is to gain lean muscle and strength, but by performing the exercises in this article you’ll find that they will provide you with the same benefits as going to a gymnasium but without the ongoing costs and time constraints.

Gary is the author of several ebooks, including “Maximum Weight Loss in Ten Weeks” – the complete ebook and time-saving solution for burning away unwanted fat, and “Maximum Weight Gain in Ten Weeks” – easy-to-use and follow techniques that serve as a guide to muscle growth without having to “live in the gym”.

Visit Gary’s website at http://www.maximumfitness.com/

Creatine monohydate has been shown to increase the maximum number of repetitions to failure, allows for heavier lifts, and promotes greater gains in strength, while delaying fatigue and decreasing recovery time.

Increases in lean mass are seen as a result of creatine absorbing additional fluid into the cells resulting in better cellular hydration. Increased hydration not only causes the muscle to appear fuller and rounder but actually improves overall health by allowing a greater flow of nutrients into the cell.

How and when should creatine be taken?

1. Loading period: 10-20 grams (about 2-4 full teaspoons) per day, spaced throughout the day in 5 gram amounts, for 5-7 days is suggested.
2. Maintenance Period : One to two teaspoons (5-10 grams) daily.
3. Take creatine with grape juice or other high carbohydrate drink
4. You should take creatine one hour before a workout to give creatine time to get to the muscle. You need to take creatine on a daily basis to maintain the creatine levels in your system.

How Creatine Works:

Energy for muscle contraction is provided by adenosine triphosphate (ATP) as it releases one phosphate molecule. This release results in the conversion of ATP into adenosine diphosphate (ADP). Phosphocreatine stores within the muscle supply a new phosphate molecule to reconvert the resulting ADP back into ATP. The abundance of phosphocreatine stores during short intense exercises such as weight lifting or sprinting determines your ultimate performance level. As phosphocreatine levels drop, your body loses it ability to quickly resynthesize ADP for additional muscle energy. Creatine supplementation improves athletic performance during intense exercise by increasing the levels of ADP that can be resynthsized.

Definition of metabolism:

Metabolism is the number of calories that you burn at any given moment. Your metabolism burns more calories while you are active then when you are at rest.

Things you can do to raise your metabolism:

1. Workout with weights

By lifting weights you build more muscle. Muscle burns more calories than fat. Therefore, working out with weights will speed up your metabolism.

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2.Eat more often

By eating more often you will be spreading your calories between 5 to 6 small meals a day. These calories will be used for energy instead of being stored as fat. The combination of smaller, more frequent meals allows your body to get nutrients when it needs them. When you give the body small doses of energy throughout the day it will use this energy instead of your muscle tissue. When you wait a long time between meals your metabolism slows down because it thinks that you are starving yourself. By eating frequent meals you will stabilize your blood sugar levels and help to avoid dips in energy, which cause you to head for the nearest vending machine.

3.Cardio work

Cardio work is a good way to burn calories, and speed up your metabolism. You should be training in your target heartrate. Your target heartrate is calculated as follows: 220 minus your age, multiplied by 0.6 = lower limit 220 minus your age, multiplied by 0.8 = upper limit By staying within these limits you will be utilizing the most fat while sparing muscle.

4.Stimulants

There are many stimulants out there that contain ma-haung, caffeine and aspirin. These three ingredients together make a very potent stimulant. Stimulants will help you to boost your metabolism, but they will only work for a short time because your body will adapt to them.

Here is a way to estimate your “Basal Metabolic Rate”

Your basal metabolic rate (BMR) is a measure of how fast your metabolism is running. It’s the number of calories you burn to keep your heart beating, to keep you breathing, to keep your muscles alive, etc. It’s the number of calories your body needs while at rest.

Women: 661 + (4.38 x weight in pounds) + (4.33 x height in inches) – (4.7 x age) = BMR

Men: 667 + (6.24 x weight in pounds) + (12.7 x height in inches) – (6.9 x age) = BMR

To estimate the TOTAL number of calories your body needs per day, multiply your BMR by the appropriate number below.

* 0.9 if you are sedentary and have yo-yo or crash dieted frequently during the past two years
* 1.2 if you are sedentary
* 1.3 if you are moderately active (exercise 3 days per week or equivalent)
* 1.7 if you are very active
* 1.9 if you are extremely active

This is only a way to estimate caloric expenditure.